The main aim of this project is to operate and control the unmanned railway gate in the proper manner in order to avoid the accidents
in the unmanned railway crossing. In a country like ours where there
are many unmanned railway crossings, accidents are increasing day by
day. These train accidents
are due to the absence of human power in the railway. In order to
overcome the accidents due to the above problem we have planned to
design the project.
Automatic Railway Gate Control System with High Speed Alerting System
is an innovative circuit which automatically controls the operation of
railway gates detecting the arrival and departure of trains at the gate.
It has detectors at the far away distance on the railway track which
allows us to know the arrival and departure of the train. These
detectors are given to microcontroller which activates the motors which
open/close the railway gate correspondingly.
Another feature of this circuit is that it has an intelligent alerting system which detects the speed
of the train that is arriving. If the speed is found to be higher than
the normal speed, then the microcontroller automatically activates the
alarm present at the gate. This alerts the passengers at the railway
crossing on the road about this. Also This circuit has the feature for
Identification of train from other intruders i.e, animals etc .This can
be implemented in manned level crossings also, as manual errors can be
eliminated by automation.
Circuit Diagram of Automatic Railway Gate Controller:
Circuit Operation:
The operation of the circuit can be
clearly explained as follows. Basically the circuit consists of four IR
LED-Photodiode pairs arranged on either side of the gate such that IR
LED and photodiodes are on either side of the track as shown in the
figure below.
Figure 2.3: Sensor Arrangement
Initially transmitter
is continuously transmitting the IR light which is made to fall on the
receiver. When the train arrives it cuts the light falling on receiver.
Let us assume the train is arriving from left to right, now when the
train cuts the 1st sensor pair a counter is activated and when it
crosses 2nd sensor pair the counter is stopped. This counter value gives
the time period which is used to calculate the velocity of the train.
The sensor2 output is sent to
micro controller which makes the relay activate which causes the gate to
be closed. Now when the last carriage of the train cuts the sensor4
micro controller de- activates the relay and gates are opened.
How does the sensor know the last carriage?
Here as previously mentioned the counter
value is used to calculate the velocity of the train, which means that
every wheel of the carriage cuts the sensor pair within small fraction
of time based on its velocity. After the last carriage is passed there
is no obstacle to the sensor pair within that fraction of time hence it
knows that the train has left.
One more feature of this circuit is
detecting a train accurately i.e, there may be a chance that some
obstacle (for e.g some animal) may cut the sensor then in such a case
the counter is made to run for certain period of time (this time period
is set considering the possible lowest speed of train) if the obstacle
does not cut the 2nd sensor before this predefined time then this
obstacle is not considered as train and gates remain opened.
One more advantage of calculating the
velocity of train is, if the speed of the train crosses a limit i.e, if
it is traveling at an over speed then the passengers are alerted using a
by activating a buzzer.
The system basically comprises two IR LED – Photodiode pairs, which are installed on the railway track
at about 1 meter apart, with the transmitter and the photodiode of each
pair on the opposite sides of the track. The installation is as shown
in the block diagram. The system displays the time taken by the train in
crossing this distance from one pair to the other with a resolution of
0.01 second from which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated as
follows:
Speed (kmph) = Distance/Time
As distance between the sensors is known
and constant, the time is counted by the micro controller and from this
information, we can calculate the speed.
This circuit has been designed considering the maximum permissible speed for trains as per the traffic rule.
The micro controller is used to process
the inputs that are provided by the sensors and generate the desired
outputs appropriately.
contact:
DEV HARSHA
whatsapp,hike nd calls
8978511693 & 9505630317
contact:
DEV HARSHA
whatsapp,hike nd calls
8978511693 & 9505630317
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